Some Haematological Parameters of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Subjects Co-infected with Tuberculosis in Osun State, Nigeria.

¹ Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Achievers University, Owo, Ondo State.

² Department of Medical Laboratory Science, School of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Benin, Benin City, Edo State.

³ Department of Medical Laboratory Services, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology Teaching Hospital, Osogbo, Osun State.

⁴ Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan.

^*Corresponding Author

AJILEYE Ayodeji Blessing

Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science,

College of Medicine,

University of Ibadan

Nigeria

Email: ayobless05@gmail.com ab.ajileye@ui.edu.ng

Tel: +2348030445624

Abstract

Introduction: HIV-infected persons are at markedly increased risk for primary or reactivation tuberculosis. Tuberculosis complicates HIV infection and is associated with a more rapid clinical decline, changes in haematological parameters, and as the infection progresses these changes become more prominent.

Aim: The aim of this study was to assess the haematological parameters (prothrombin time, partial thromboplastin with kaolin, platelet count and full blood count) among patients living with HIV, co-infected with TB

Method: One hundred and sixteen subjects were recruited and divided into 3 age groups of 21-30 years, 31-40 years and 41-50 years, they were further divided based on settlement, religion, sex, occupation and educational status. Haematological parameters were assayed using the automated KX-21, SYSMEX. Standard procedures were used to assay for prothrombin time (PT) and partial thromboplastin time with kaolin (PTTK) studies.

Results and Discussion: The platelet count was not statistically significant when comparing the test subjects to control subjects (p=0.142). Prothrombin time (PT) and partial thromboplastin time with Kaolin (PTTK) of test group were significantly prolonged than that of the control group (P<0.05). Total white blood cell count (TWBC), CD₄ cell count, lymphocyte count and monocyte count were signficantly reduced when comparing the test group to control group (P<0.05). Red blood cell count, haemoglobin concentration, and packed cell volume (PCV) also showed a significant reduction (P<0.05). MCV (P<0.05) and MCHC (p=0.027) were observed to be statistically higher in urban settlers. There was a significant increase in the PTTK, MCHC and neutrophil count among females when compared with males (p<0.05). Whereas platelet count, CD₄ cell count, MCH, PCV, Hb concentration, RBC count, MCV, lymphocyte count, monocyte count and eosinophil were all significantly raised in male subjects (P<0.05). There was a significant increase in the Total WBC in males than in females (P=0.047). This study also observed a correlation between platelet count, TWBC and CD₄ cell count. Subjects that are of the ages of 31-40 years group had the highest prevalence rate of HIV-TB co-infection. Subjects in the rural areas also had a higher prevalence rate of HIV-TB coinfection. PT and PTTK were prolonged in TB and HIV co-infected subjects.

Conclusion: Therefore CD₄, TWBC, PT and PTTK, can be used to monitor how HIV co-infected with TB subjects are responding to treatment.

Keywords: Tuberculosis, Haematological, Platelet, Prothrombin, Prevalence

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